KPV is a short tripeptide composed of lysine, proline, and valine that has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. It functions as a selective antagonist of the NLRP3 inflammasome and can modulate cytokine release in various disease models. The peptide’s therapeutic potential is explored in conditions such as sepsis, ischemia–reperfusion injury, chronic pain, and neurodegenerative disorders. Because KPV is often used at micromolar concentrations in cell culture or animal studies, precise preparation of a stock solution is critical for reproducible results.

Peptide Reconstitution Calculator

Preparing a reliable working concentration of KPV requires accurate calculation of the mass needed to achieve the desired molarity. The following steps outline a practical approach that can be implemented with a spreadsheet or a simple calculator:

1. Determine the molecular weight (MW) of the tripeptide.

Lysine (K) ≈ 146.19 g/mol

Proline (P) ≠ 115.13 g/mol

Valine (V) ≈ 117.15 g/mol

Total MW = 146.19 + 115.13 + 117.15 = 378.47 g/mol

1. Decide on the final concentration of the stock solution, e.g., 10 mM.


2. Calculate the mass of KPV required per milliliter:

Mass (mg) = MW (g/mol) × Desired molarity (mol/L) × 1000 mg/g

For a 10 mM stock:

Mass = 378.47 g/mol × 0.010 mol/L × 1000 mg/g ≈ 3.78 mg/mL

1. Weigh the calculated amount of peptide using an analytical balance.


2. Dissolve in a suitable solvent, typically sterile water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). For hydrophobic peptides, adding a small percentage of DMSO or historydb.date ethanol can aid solubilization, but keep the final organic content below 1% to avoid cellular toxicity.


3. Filter the solution through a 0.22 µm filter and aliquot into cryovials. Store at –20 °C for short-term use or –80 °C for long-term storage.

The calculator can be extended to accommodate different final concentrations, volumes, or solvent conditions by simply adjusting the input parameters.

Quick Reference

Below is a concise reference sheet summarizing key practical information about KPV that researchers frequently need:

• Molecular weight: 378.47 g/mol

• pKa values (approx.): Lysine ε-amino ~10.5, Proline imide ~0.3, Valine side chain nonpolar

• Solubility: Moderately soluble in water; solubility increases with mild heating or addition of small amounts of organic co-solvent.

• Typical working concentrations in vitro: 1–100 µM

• Typical dosing in vivo (mouse): 0.5–5 mg/kg, often administered intraperitoneally or intravenously depending on the study design.

Preparation Tips:

• When reconstituting for cell culture, use endotoxin-free water and confirm peptide purity by HPLC if possible.


• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles; aliquot into single-use volumes.


• Verify concentration by measuring absorbance at 280 nm (if aromatic residues are present) or by amino acid analysis when precise dosing is critical.

Experimental Considerations:

• KPV’s activity is pH dependent; maintain physiological pH (7.2–7.4) during experiments.


• The peptide can be susceptible to proteolytic degradation in serum; adding a protease inhibitor cocktail may improve stability for prolonged incubations.


• When using KPV as an anti-inflammatory agent, include appropriate controls such as scrambled tripeptide or vehicle alone to account for nonspecific effects.

Safety and Handling:

• Handle peptides with gloves and avoid contact with eyes.


• Dispose of peptide waste according to institutional biohazard guidelines.

By following the reconstitution calculator steps and consulting the quick reference, researchers can prepare accurate KPV solutions that support reliable and reproducible experimental outcomes.