KPV peptide is a short synthetic sequence derived from the larger protein kallistatin that has been found to possess potent anti-inflammatory and tissue-repair properties. Its amino acid composition typically follows the pattern lysine–proline–valine, which confers stability against proteolytic degradation while allowing efficient interaction with target receptors such as toll-like receptor 4 on immune cells. In preclinical studies KPV has been shown to reduce cytokine release, limit neutrophil infiltration and promote wound healing in models of skin injury, arthritis and pulmonary inflammation. Because of its small size and ease of synthesis, it can be produced at scale with high purity, making it an attractive candidate for therapeutic development or as a research tool to dissect inflammatory signaling pathways.

KLOW Protocol

The KLOW protocol is a standardized procedure designed to maximize the functional activity of KPV peptide when used in vitro or in vivo. The acronym stands for Keep Low Oligomeric Water, which emphasizes the importance of preventing aggregation and maintaining optimal hydration during storage and handling. The key steps are:

1. Prepare a concentrated stock solution by dissolving dry KPV powder in sterile water to achieve a 10 mM concentration. Use a vortex or gentle sonication for complete dissolution.


2. Immediately dilute the stock into the experimental buffer at least tenfold, ensuring that the final peptide concentration remains below 100 µM to avoid self-association.


3. Store aliquots of the diluted solution at −20 °C in single-use tubes; thaw only once before use to prevent freeze-thaw cycles that can promote aggregation.


4. When applying KPV to cell cultures, add the peptide directly to the medium while gently swirling to achieve homogeneous distribution.


5. Monitor the pH of the final preparation and adjust to 7.2–7.4 if necessary, as extreme acidity or alkalinity can reduce bioactivity.

Adhering strictly to this protocol reduces variability in experimental outcomes and preserves the therapeutic potential of KPV across different assay systems.

Peptide Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstituting peptides accurately is critical for reproducibility, especially when working with small quantities such as KPV. The Peptide Reconstitution Calculator is a free online tool that assists researchers in determining the exact volumes needed to achieve target concentrations. Users input:

• Desired final concentration (e.g., 10 µM)


• Amount of peptide powder available (in mg)


• Molecular weight of the peptide (calculated from its sequence)

The calculator then outputs the precise volume of solvent required, taking into account the density of water and any buffer additives. For KPV with a molecular weight around 400 Da, reconstituting 1 mg in 100 µL yields a 10 mM stock solution. The tool also provides guidelines for storage conditions and setiathome.berkeley.edu warns against exceeding recommended concentrations that could lead to precipitation.

Quick Reference

• Sequence: Lys-Pro-Val
• Molecular weight: ~400 Daltons
• Solubility: Highly soluble in sterile water; stable up to 4 °C
• Typical working concentration: 1–10 µM for cell culture assays
• Storage: Aliquoted at −20 °C, protected from light
• Key activity: Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6)
• Application areas: Skin wound healing, arthritis models, lung injury mitigation
• Handling tip: Use low-binding tubes to prevent peptide loss; avoid prolonged exposure to air

By following the KLOW protocol, utilizing the reconstitution calculator for precise dosing, and keeping the quick reference in hand, researchers can reliably employ KPV peptide in their studies and advance its potential as a therapeutic agent.